Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Example

Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Crime Fiction, more than any other genre, engages the reader through the art of suspense. AThrough analysing, watching and reading â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† by Roald Dahl, an episode of Poirot â€Å"The Third Floor Flat† by Agatha ChristieChristopher Gunning and â€Å"The Red Headed League† by Arthur Doyle, creates a great overlook on how each Crime Fiction story creates suspense. Whilst Dahl uses setting and narrative to create suspense, Christie uses characters to create suspense and Doyle uses plot development to create suspense. Roald Dahl’s â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† engages the reader through the art of suspense by using setting and narrative voice. This is can be shown through because even though neither characters say much about the setting, you can tell by the way Mary Maloney’s thoughtsinks about her home and her husband. The narrationIt automatically gives the idea of a warm and inviting home with the impression of a loving wife. For example when she is patiently waiting for husband to return home from work. NEED TO PUT IN A QUOTE FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY – MAYBE FROM WHEN SHE IS WAITING PATINENTLYThis shows without her even saying anything, you understand what’s going on. The storyIt is written in third person limited omniscient narration which means the reader knows some of the thoughts and feelings of Mary but not her husband or the police officers. This demonstrates that Dahl wants the reader, to feel as though because there is little information given, you have to think outside the box and figure out the untold pieces of the story. â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† engages the reader through suspense by having to as you must solve the mystery through setting and narrative voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Suspense and Crime Fiction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Suspense and Crime Fiction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Suspense and Crime Fiction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Agatha ChristieChristopher Gunning has used hercreated characters thato engage the reader through the art of suspense in an episode of Poirot â€Å"The Third Floor Flat†. A clear example of this is when Donovan finds the body. When Do

The Misinformation Effect Essay Example

The Misinformation Effect Essay Example The Misinformation Effect Paper The Misinformation Effect Paper The misinformation effect is a memory bias that occurs when misinformation influences peoples reports of their own memory; this reveals the pliability of memory. There is a general acceptance, supported by research, for the misinformation effect: The introduction of misleading post event information will impair the memory of an original event (Toland, Hoffman Loftus, 1991). In exploring the factors that enhance susceptibility to misinformation, it was discovered that allowing time to pass after the event, so that the original memory can fade, makes a person particularly vulnerable to suggestion ( Loftus, Miller, Burns, 1978 ). People are particularly prone to misinformation when the passage of time allows the original memory to fade. This finding leads to the discrepancy detection principle, which states that recollections are more likely to change if a person does not immediately detect discrepancies between post event information and memory for the original event. The Human memory process involves acquisition, retention and retrieval. During the acquisition stage event variables [like exposure time, frequency, detail salience, violence of the event] and witness variables [like stress, expectancies, and perceptual activity] affect the witness’s ability to perceive an event. There have also been studies that show how an individual’s personality could affect the occurrence of false memory or misinformation. Porter, Birt, Yuille, and Lehman (2000) found that subjects scoring low on extraversion were more susceptible to creating false childhood memories. Liebman et al. (2002) found that false memory from misinformation/suggestibility was positively associated with three subscales of the NEO Personality Inventory; values of the Openness dimension, and modesty and altruism of the Agreeableness dimension. Two systems which have been presented to elucidate the misinformation effect are: the alteration hypothesis and the coexistence hypothesis (Toland et al. , 1991). Both theories concur that the presentation of misinformation interferes with the original memory, creating the incorrect accounts of events. The Alteration Hypothesis This hypothesis takes the view that the misleading information really changes the original memory traces. Support for this hypothesis comes from the inability to recover original memories after being presented with misleading post event information. Not only is it possible to change details of memories for previously experienced events, but one can sometimes also plant entirely false memories into the minds of unsuspecting individuals, even if the events would be highly implausible or even impossible. False memories might differ statistically from true ones, in terms of certain characteristics such as confidence or vividness, but some false memories are held with a great degree of confidence and expressed with much emotion (Loftus, 2004). The misleading information destroys and substitutes the original information. This makes the suggested information become an element of the original event memory. The Coexistence Hypothesis This hypothesis proposes that the original and suggested information coexist in memory The original information is still stored but has become inaccessible. Support for this hypothesis comes from successful attempts to recover the original information after exposure to misinformation have presumably altered that information in memory (Toland et al. , 1991). References: Liebman, J. I. et al. (2002). Cognitive and psychosocial correlates of adults’ eyewitness accuracy and suggestibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 49–66. Loftus, Elizabeth F. (2004), Memories of Things Unseen Current Directions in Psychological Science. Volume 13 Issue 4, Pages 145 – 147. University of California, Irvine. Loftus, E. F. , Miller, D. G. Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19-31. Porter, S. , Birt, A. R. , Yuille, J. C. , Lehman, D. (2000). Negotiating of false memories: Interviewer and remember characteristics relate to memory distortion. Psychological Science, 11, 513–516. Toland, K. , Hoffman, H. , Loftus, E. F. (1991). How suggestion plays tricks with memory. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed. ), Human suggestibility. Advances in theory, research, and application (pp. 235-252). New York: Routledge.

Drug Trafficking Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drug Trafficking Organizations - Essay Example A direct consequence of this can be seen as a surge of killing of women associated with drug dealing. It is often known called femicide(Mares, ‘The Rise of Femicide’).The Rising Role of Women in Drug Trafficking has led to ‘femicide’ in areas where drug trafficking is prevalent.The paper discusses why it is an alarming situation and what policy options could be implemented to curb this rising menace. Women are mainly hired by DTO’s only because of increasing restrictions imposed by the government. Hence, they are able to bypass security restrictions due to the widespread belief of women not being involved in such practices, due to their appealing and distracting looks and possibility of diverse ways of hiding narcotics within their bags and clothing. In addition to it, they have also been hired due tothefierce competition between rival DTO’s. However, women have not been consideredasan intrinsic element in the drug dealing industry, they are of ten disposed off, once they fulfill their assigned operations.Moreover, women are alsoassassinatedin order to pressurize the government to succumb to the narcotics industry’s demands. ... Hence, due to their increased association with drug trafficking industry, women killings have drastically increased. In Mexican states, the number of women who were murdered due to it, has tripled from 2005-2009, it has soared from 3.7 to 11.1 per 100,000. (Mares, ‘The Rise of Femicide’) This phenomenon has been prevalent in the U.S, especially in North and Central America.The Central U.S regions that were most affected includesEl Salvador, which currently has the worst femicide record in the world, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. Majorly due to drug cartels, in Honduras, for instance, the rate of female assassinations has been increasing four times as that of men (Fox Violence against Women in Mexico, Central America). (BBC, Mexico’s Drug Related violence) The interestin g fact is that these rates have specifically rocketed in the phase when there was a surge in drug dealing activities. Hence, there is a strong correlation between drug dealing and women killings, as also recently pointed out by two Nobel Laureates,Jody Williams (R) and RigobertaMenchu (L),that the drug war has gone against women and thus, has become a war against them ( Fox,‘Violence against Women in Mexico, Central America’). In Mexico, nearly 50,000 have been killed in drug cartel-related violence since 2006. However, it is interesting to note that from 2002 to 2010, femicide in Honduras increased by 257%, the same period, which witnessed doubling of U.S government’s spending on military and police force. Similarly, although laws have been passed to safeguard the legal rights of women in Guatemala and El Salvador and task forces have been formed to specially tackle the problem of femicide, as many as 90% of the assassins are able to evade legal penalties.